Which type of x-ray is typically used to evaluate the extent of tooth decay?

Bitewing radiographs are specifically designed to reveal the interproximal surfaces of the teeth, making them particularly effective for detecting caries (tooth decay) between adjacent teeth. These radiographs provide a clear view of the crown surfaces of both upper and lower teeth in a single image, allowing dental professionals to assess the extent of decay more accurately.

In contrast, panoramic radiographs offer a wider view of the entire mouth, including the teeth, jaws, and surrounding structures, but are less effective for identifying small areas of decay due to their lower detail resolution. Cephalometric radiographs are primarily used in orthodontics for evaluating the relationship of the teeth to the jaw and facial structures, making them unsuitable for diagnosing tooth decay. Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) provides three-dimensional images of dental structures and can be helpful in complex cases, but it is not routinely used to assess tooth decay due to its higher cost and the extensive radiation exposure compared to bitewing radiographs, which are the standard for this purpose.