Which bacterium is known to thrive in acidic environments and causes advanced tooth decay?

Streptococcus mutans is recognized for its ability to thrive in acidic environments, making it a significant contributor to the development of dental caries, or tooth decay. This bacterium metabolizes sugars, producing acids as byproducts, which lowers the pH in the oral cavity and leads to demineralization of the tooth enamel. The presence of Streptococcus mutans is particularly problematic because it can proliferate rapidly in the presence of dietary sugars, resulting in advanced tooth decay.

In addition to its acidogenic properties, Streptococcus mutans also has the ability to form biofilms on tooth surfaces, contributing to plaque formation. This biofilm not only harbors S. mutans but also creates a localized environment that maintains acidity, exacerbating the tooth decay process. By understanding the role of Streptococcus mutans, dental professionals can focus on prevention strategies, such as promoting proper oral hygiene and reducing sugar intake, to combat tooth decay effectively.

The other bacteria listed do not exhibit the same level of acidic tolerance or direct involvement in advanced tooth decay as Streptococcus mutans does.