What is the number of cusps typically found on the upper first molar?

The upper first molar, known as the maxillary first molar, typically features five cusps. These include two buccal cusps (mesiobuccal and distobuccal) and three palatal cusps (the mesial palatal, the distal palatal, and a small cusp sometimes referred to as the cusp of Carabelli, found on the mesial palatal aspect). This unique configuration allows the upper first molar to have a broad occlusal surface that plays a crucial role in the process of mastication, enabling efficient grinding of food.

Understanding the anatomy of this tooth is essential for dental professionals, as it aids in diagnosing and treating various dental conditions, including caries and restorations, particularly when planning for procedures like root canals or extractions. The distinctive five-cusp arrangement is a hallmark feature that differentiates the upper first molar from other molars, such as the upper second molar, which typically has four cusps. Recognizing these anatomical characteristics helps in better patient management and treatment planning.