What is the mechanism of action of chlorhexidine?

The mechanism of action of chlorhexidine primarily involves the denaturation of proteins. Chlorhexidine is a broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent that is commonly used in dental settings for its effectiveness in reducing plaque formation and controlling gingivitis. When chlorhexidine comes into contact with bacterial cells, it disrupts their cellular integrity by denaturing proteins. This denaturation leads to a breakdown of the cellular structures necessary for bacterial growth and function, ultimately inhibiting their ability to multiply and survive.

This action is particularly effective because protein denaturation compromises the cellular membrane and essential enzyme functions, thus significantly diminishing the viability of bacterial cells. As a result, chlorhexidine is a powerful antiseptic that not only reduces the number of bacteria present but also helps in preventing infections in both surgical and non-surgical settings.

Other options, while they reference processes that can occur in various contexts or with other agents, do not accurately describe how chlorhexidine operates to achieve its antimicrobial effects.